0731The shadowland词语：表达or规范？-Books-经济学人精读笔记

↓↓ 荧光笔标注索引获取最新一期经济学人杂志↓↓↓ 0725刊经济学人分享＆推荐阅读文章索引** 一些背景词汇## 一些表达方式penumbra of unorthodox wordsA penumbra is an area of light shadow. 可以理解为阴影、半影的意思，比如A penumbra of doubt surrounds the incident. 疑惑的阴影笼罩著该事件【真相不明】好空后文constitute a kind of penumbra of the language也是这个意思make 2020 even more dismal这使得2020年更加惨淡dismal就是very bad非常糟糕的，比如：The acting was dismal, wasnt it? 表演很糟糕，是不是？What dismal weather! 天气太糟糕了！相应的，后文中出现名词dismay是a feeling of unhappiness and disappointment沮丧，灰心，失望的意思，比如：The fans watched in/with dismay as their team lost 42–11. 球迷们郁闷地看着自己的球队以42比11的比分输掉了比赛。signalled agreement with a “Like”通过点赞来表达赞同The premise of these gripes was mistaken这些抱怨的前提是错误的premise是姿举an idea or theory on which a statement or action is based（作为先决条件的）假定，前提，比如：They had started with the premise that all men are created equal. 他们是从人人生来平等这一前提出发的。gripe一般看到的是动词用法，表示抓紧、抓牢，但这里是作名词，表示a strong complaint抱怨，怨言，牢骚，比如：Her main gripe is that shes not being trained properly. 她主要是抱怨自己没有受到很好的培训。cherish to this day as a totem把这天珍视为一种xxx的象征cherish有to keep hopes, memories, or ideas in your mind because they are important to you and bring you pleasure珍藏，怀有（希望、记忆）的意思，比如：I cherish the memories of the time we spent together. 我怀念我们共同度过的时光。另外在 0722/Floods-China中还见到过词组a cherished landmark，表示一个被珍视的地标get worked up惹（某人）生气，使（某人）激动，比如：Its easy to get worked up when youre tired and everything seems to be against you. 在疲倦并且似乎一切都在和你作对的时候，人很容易变得暴躁。making it malformed使其格式不正确malformed是畸形、格式不正确的意思an unintentional mash-up of无意友册瞎的混搭unintentional是无心的，比如：Perhaps he had slightly misled them, but it was quite unintentional. 或许他有一点误导他们了，但完全是无意的。everyone would concur that每个人都会同意这一点concur就是agree的意思，比如：The board concurred that the editor should have full control over editorial matters. 董事会赞同主编应该对编辑事务全权负责。有时也可理解为意见一致，比如：The new report concurs with previous findings. 新报告与先前的调查结果一致。string of characters字符串unambiguous不含糊的；清楚的；明白的。来源于ambiguous模糊不清的，模棱两可的drum up interest 激起兴趣drum up是to increase interest in something or support for something激起，鼓动，比如：He w